Associate Certified Entomologist (ACE) Practice Exam

Why are borates considered cell toxins?

1. They damage the synapse

2. They interfere with cellular energy production

3. They stimulate excessive neurotransmitter release

4. They block receptor sites

The correct answer is: They interfere with cellular energy production

Borates are classified as cell toxins primarily because they interfere with cellular energy production. They disrupt various metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in ATP production, which is essential for cellular functions. This interference can lead to cell death and reduced cellular function because without adequate energy, cells cannot perform vital processes necessary for survival. The role of borates in inhibiting energy production is significant as it affects not just the targeted organisms but can also lead to broader ecological impacts. The disruption of energy metabolism can impair growth, reproduction, and other critical life-sustaining functions in pests. In contrast, the other options relate to mechanisms that do not accurately represent how borates operate. Damage to synapses typically involves neurotoxins that affect neurotransmission, while excessive release of neurotransmitters is related to different neurotoxic mechanisms. Blocking receptor sites usually pertains to agents that specifically interfere with receptor activity, which is a different mode of action than what borates exhibit.