Associate Certified Entomologist (ACE) Practice Exam

What is the role of neurotransmitters in nerve signal transmission?

1. Serve as toxic agents in nerve cells

2. Facilitate communication between nerve cells

3. Clear out harmful chemicals from the body

4. Regulate blood pressure

The correct answer is: Facilitate communication between nerve cells

Neurotransmitters play a critical role in facilitating communication between nerve cells (neurons). When a nerve signal, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, which is the small gap between two neurons. These chemical messengers then bind to specific receptors on the surface of the adjacent neuron, resulting in either an excitatory or inhibitory effect. This process allows the signal to be transmitted across the synapse, enabling the continuation of the nerve impulse from one neuron to the next. This mechanism is essential for the functioning of the nervous system, affecting everything from reflexes to complex cognitive processes. The other options do not accurately capture the role of neurotransmitters. Toxic agents do not contribute positively to the function of nerve cells; instead, they would cause harm. Clearing out harmful chemicals from the body relates more to processes like detoxification rather than direct neurotransmitter function. Regulating blood pressure is primarily the role of hormones and the autonomic nervous system, not directly the neurotransmitters themselves.