Associate Certified Entomologist (ACE) Practice Exam

What is the function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in neurotransmission?

1. Increases the availability of acetylcholine

2. Clears acetylcholine from the synapse

3. Stimulates the production of neurotransmitters

4. Provides structural support to nerve cells

The correct answer is: Clears acetylcholine from the synapse

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a crucial role in neurotransmission by clearing acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft after it has been released from the presynaptic neuron. This enzyme breaks down acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline, effectively terminating the signal between neurons and preventing continuous stimulation. The timely removal of acetylcholine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as it ensures that signals do not persist indefinitely, which could lead to issues such as muscle spasms or overstimulation of synapses. Without the action of AChE, acetylcholine would remain in the synaptic cleft, leading to prolonged activation of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This would disrupt normal communication between neurons and could contribute to various neurological disorders. Thus, the primary function of AChE is to regulate and maintain the balance of neurotransmission by ensuring that neurotransmitters do not linger in the synapse longer than necessary.